Who is importing forest products from Africa to China? An analysis of implications for initiatives to enhance legality and sustainability

Global forest product value chains are increasingly subject to regulatory
requirements, such as legality and sustainability certification. For African forest products, a
shift in the export destinations of forest products towards China, the leading timber product
manufacturer, has raised concerns that social and environmental product and process
standards are declining. Aggregate drivers of this shift have been documented, yet there
has been little enterprise-level analysis of Chinese actors in African timber imports based
in China. This paper provides an initial analysis, highlighting implications for existing and
emerging regulatory initiatives. Data show that although an increasing number of Chinese
private enterprises is engaged in African timber imports, import volumes remain concentrated
among a small number of geographically clustered private and state-owned firms.
Government-led schemes are beginning to address timber legality concerns. But given
China’s growing domestic market for finished wood products, sustainability certification
requirements driven by the US and EU will not be sufficient to ensure improved sourcing
by Chinese firms.