Riparian Ficus Tree Communities: The Distribution and Abundance of Riparian Fig Trees in Northern Thailand

Fig trees (Ficus) are often ecologically significant keystone species because they sustain populations of the many seeddispersing
animals that feed on their fruits. They are prominent components of riparian zones where they may also
contribute to bank stability as well as supporting associated animals. The diversity and distributions of riparian fig trees in
deciduous and evergreen forests in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand were investigated in 2010–2012. To record the
diversity and abundance of riparian fig trees, we (1) calculated stem density, species richness, and diversity indices in
20650 m randomly selected quadrats along four streams and (2) measured the distances of individual trees from four
streams to determine if species exhibit distinct distribution patterns within riparian zones. A total of 1169 individuals (from
c. 4 ha) were recorded in the quadrats, representing 33 Ficus species (13 monoecious and 20 dioecious) from six sub-genera
and about 70% of all the species recorded from northern Thailand. All 33 species had at least some stems in close proximity
to the streams, but they varied in their typical proximity, with F. squamosa Roxb. And F. ischnopoda Miq the most strictly
stream-side species. The riparian forests in Northern Thailand support a rich diversity and high density of Ficus species and
our results emphasise the importance of fig tree within the broader priorities of riparian area conservation. Plans to maintain
or restore properly functioning riparian forests need to take into account their significance