Forest tree nursery and planting survey in East Kolaka and Konawe Districts, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This paper provides evidence that smallholder forestry systems are viable management systems that contribute significantly to global environmental goals and local economic objectives. It reviews global and Asian trends of human population growth, deforestation, and demand for forest and tree products. The origin, diversity, adaptable management and importance of smallholder tree-based systems are discussed. Details are provided regarding the role of smallholder tree-based systems to mitigate deforestation by expanding regional forest resources; supply alternative sources of forest products and environmental benefits; and make significant contributions to local livelihoods for rural communities