Land use change and forest degradation in Sumatran orangutan habitats and the opportunity cost of CO2 emissions

CO2emissionsLandscape arrangements for biodiversity preservation and human livelihood recognise“segregate” and “integrate” approaches. Segregation approach has issues of boundaries that in many cases are contested among stakeholders.The more integrated and gradual transition from natural forest to human habitat has survived through the maintenance of the ecosystem services, like regularity of water flow and other services that the forest provides. Such bundled services may strengthen the arguments to conserve forest flora and fauna habitats, but yet remain unassessed.