Biodiversity and climate change in dynamic landscapes of Indonesia

Indonesia had been identified as the third largest GHG emitter world-wide. More than 50% of the emission was rooted from LULUCF, and a large part of it was related with peat burning, draining and conversion. As the second biodiversity rich country with largest tropical peat land in the world, but at the same time experiencing unprecedented forest extraction and forest conversion, Indonesia has a very important role in delivering some ecosystem services to the global community. Forest extraction and conversion are integral parts of land transformation that is often complex and non-linear, and more over, very variable across Indonesia. At the national level, landscape transformation is driven by international market, global/regional climate, such as El
Nino that leads to forest fire, and is an aggregated manifestation of local drivers and activities. Integrated assessment of the impacts of LULUCF on emissions and habitat fragmentation within several global priority ecoregion in Indonesia is necessary to find spaces for harmonizing efforts on climate change mitigation, biodiversity maintenance and sustainable development.