Community-based Forest Management: who is benefiting? Community-based forest management, coffee and migration patterns in Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Not every rural community members in Ciamis are enjoying the benefits of collaborative forest management actions. Those involved in PHBM scheme are often the wealthiest community members, returning migrants, having access to knowledge, capital and possessing strong ties and networks. Poorest farmers do not enjoy the benefit of the program due to the lack of initial capital and knowledge to get engaged in coffee production on an early stage.