Ecosystem Services Provided by Birds in Deifferent Habitats

Birds play pivotal roles in many ecosystems and the benefits humans derive from them. Birds and their functional roles are affected by habitat change and disturbance to variable degrees. We examined bird composition in three habitats in North Sumatra: natural forests, rubber agroforests (RAF) and rubber monoculture plantations (RMP). The birds were observed using a quick biodiversity survey protocol. Changes in structure and composition of vegetation in agriculture and cleared land influenced bird species composition across feeding guilds; we discuss impacts this may have on ecosystems services.